Category

The streets of southern capital

Brusilovsky Street

By | The streets of southern capital

Brusilovsky Street Street named after Y.G. Burisilovsky runs from north to south almost through the center of Tastak microdistrict in Almaly district of Almaty city. It found its present name only in the period of the sovereignty of our country, and until the middle 1990s, this street was named after Lev Rudnev.

Yevgeny Grigorievich Brusilovsky (1905—1981) was the Soviet composer, People’s Artist of the Kazakh SSR (1936), Laureate of Stalin Prize of the second degree (1948).

He is an author of the first Kazakh operas and orchestral works. Nine operas, four ballet, nine symphonies and about 500 songs and romances were written by the composer.
He is co-author of the National Anthem’s of Kazakhstan music of 1945-1992 and 1992-2006.

In 1931 Yevgeny Grigorievich graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory. He arrived in Alma-Ata with the direction of the USSR Union of Composers in 1933. He succeeded to get quickly into the depths of the Kazakh melodies, to feel them, and, as they say, to express the echo of his creative reading of Kazakh folk music in the sounds of classical music forms.
The life around Brusilovsky became bright and active. Young musically gifted Kazakhs reach out for him. During the lifetime Yevgeny Brusilovsky could be proud not with only solidly written works, but also with pleiad of talented students who have become the classics of the first Kazakh professional music.

The name of Yevgeny Brusilovsky stands among such leading figures of Kazakhstan classical music as Ahmet Zhubanov, Mukan Tulebaev, Latif Hamidi, Yerkegali Rakhmadiyev, Bakhytzhan Baikadamov, Sydyk Mukhamedzhanov.

Street named after U. Zholdasbekov

By | The streets of southern capital

Street named after U. Zholdasbekov    Street named after U. Zholdasbekov, the length is less than 1 kilometer, is located to the north of Al-Farabi avenue between Dostyk avenue and Furmanov street.

Umirbek Arislanovich Dzholdasbekov (kaz. Joldasbekov) (1931-1999) – Doctor of engineering, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Academician of the Academy of Engineering of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Honoured Scientist of the Kazakh SSR.

Academician U.A. Dzholdasbekov is the author of more than 400 scientific works, 8 monographs, more than 30 textbooks and teaching guides, has more than 120 copyright certificates and foreign patents. He made invaluable contribution to the 12-volume edition of the Kazakh Soviet Encyclopedia. He is the author of two Russian-Kazakh terminological dictionaries of mechanisms and machines, textbooks “Theory of Mechanisms and Machines” and “Theoretical Mechanics” in the Kazakh language.

Biography is presented in the Russian language

Джолдасбеков Умирбек Арисланович родился 1 марта 1931 г. в селе Кызылсу Чимкентской области в рабочей семье. После окончания казахской средней школы № 7 г. Чимкента с золотой медалью в 1949 г. он поступил на механико-математический факультет Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова. Уже в студенческие годы Умирбек Арисланович проявляет большой интерес к научным поискам и увлеченно занимается задачами прикладной механики, затем не раз возвращается к разработке методов исследования плоских рычажных механизмов высоких классов, которую начал еще в студенческие годы, под руководством выдающегося ученого-механика, главы советской школы ТММ, академика И.И. Артоболевского.

После окончания МГУ он работал преподавателем, старшим преподавателем кафедры механики и деканом механического факультета Казахского химико-технологического института. В 1958 г. поступил в аспирантуру кафедры теории механизмов, приборов и машин Московского текстильного института, после окончания которой был оставлен для работы преподавателем на этой же кафедре.

Весной 1962 г. Джолдасбеков успешно защитил кандидатскую диссертацию на тему «Исследование кинематики и динамики торсионного боевого механизма ткацких станков». И осенью этого же года перешел на работу в Казахский политехнический институт (КазПТИ), с этого момента началась его большая работа по становлению и развитию науки о механике машин в Казахстане.

В 1962 г. он назначается деканом вновь организованного факультета автоматики и вычислительной техники КазПТИ, а в 1964 году – проректором этого института по учебной работе. В этот период У.А. Джолдасбеков разрабатывает новые графические и графо-аналитические методы кинематического и силового анализа механизмов высоких классов, метод преобразования пространственной ортогональной системы координат при одновременных независимых поворотах на малые углы вокруг ее осей, методы исследования движения плоских рычажных механизмов с учетом упругих колебаний ведущего вала. Опираясь на основополагающие труды выдающихся ученых В.Л. Кирпичева, Н.Е. Жуковского, Л.В. Ассура, И.И. Артоболевского и других, Джолдасбеков создал фундаментальную теорию анализа и синтеза плоских рычажных механизмов высоких классов. Его исследования по преобразованию систем координат, определению законов движения механизма с учетом упругости звеньев имели конкретное прикладное значение. Они легли в основу теоретических исследований ответственных узлов ткацких станков СТБ. По итогам этих исследований в 1972 г. У.А. Джолдасбеков защищает докторскую диссертацию на тему «Теория плоских рычажных механизмов».

В 1970 году Джолдасбеков назначается ректором КазГУ им. С.М. Кирова. В этом же году в КазГУ им создана научно-исследовательская лаборатория по механике машин. С 1971 г. в Алма-Ате функционирует Казахский филиал Всесоюзного семинара Научного совета по теории машин и рабочих процессов АН СССР, руководимый Умирбеком Арислановичем. Им, совместно с Н.И. Левитским, была разработана программа по курсу «Теория механизмов и машин» на казахском языке для университетов и технических вузов. В 1973 г. он организовал кафедру прикладной механики на факультете механики и прикладной математики КазГУ им. С.М. Кирова, впервые в стране начавшую выпуск специалистов по ТММ с фундаментальным университетским образованием.

Мощным импульсом в развитии науки о механике машин в республике стало проведение на базе КазГУ им. С.М. Кирова I Всесоюзного съезда по ТММ в 1977 году и V Всесоюзного съезда по теоретической и прикладной механике в 1981 году, организованных при непосредственном участии У.А. Джолдасбекова, как заместителя председателя оргкомитета и как главы казахстанской научной школы по механике машин. Съезды проходили с широким участием ученых с мировым именем, способствовали установлению и укреплению связей с ведущими научными школами, пропаганде научных достижений ученых Казахстана. В 1977 году Умирбек Арисланович удостоен премии Международной инженерной академии с вручением большой Серебряной медали за вклад в развитие науки и международное научно-техническое сотрудничество.

На основе результатов широкомасштабных научных исследований в области фундаментальной теории механизмов высоких классов, проведенных У.А. Джолдасбековым и его соратниками, созданы принципиально новые механизмы и манипуляционные устройства, не имеющие аналогов в мировой практике и защищенные многочисленными авторскими свидетельствами СССР и патентами Англии, Италии, Польши. Результаты этих исследований и разработок были рассмотрены на заседании Научно-технического совета Бюро Совета Министров СССР по машиностроению в сентябре 1989 г. и рекомендованы к широкому использованию в отраслях машиностроительного комплекса страны.

Работе «Разработка теоретических основ и создание многоцветных ткацких станков типа СТБ высокой производительности и расширенных технологических возможностей», выполненной под руководством У.А. Джолдасбекова в 1983 году, была присуждена Государственная премия КазССР в области науки и техники.

Джолдасбековым и его учениками на базе механизмов высоких классов были созданы оригинальные адаптивные захватные устройства промышленных роботов для захвата пространственных объектов произвольной формы и плоских объектов сложной конфигурации, исполнительные механизмы роботов большой грузоподъемности и точного позиционирования, дистанционные манипуляторы координатно-параметрического управления, методы и автоматизированные испытательные стенды для оценки качества роботов. Их разработки защищены многочисленными авторскими свидетельствами, отмечены медалями и грамотами ВДНХ и международных выставок.

Общепринятыми как в странах ближнего, так и дальнего, зарубежья являются результаты фундаментальных исследований в области динамики роторных систем, проведенных Джолдасбековым.

За большие заслуги в развитии науки о механике машин и высшего образования в республике У.А. Джолдасбеков был награжден орденом Ленина, двумя орденами Трудового Красного Знамени, медалями «За освоение целинных земель», «За доблестный труд», «В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения В.И. Ленина», «Ветеран труда», Почетными грамотами Верховного Совета КазССР, медалями ВДНХ СССР, нагрудными знаками «За отличные успехи в работе Минвуза СССР», «Отличник просвещения СССР». У.А. Джолдасбеков был также награжден международными Золотыми медалями имени В.Г. Шухова и имени аль-Хорезми (Иран); в 1974 году ему было присвоено почетное звание «Заслуженный деятель науки КазССР».

Академиком У.А. Джолдасбековым подготовлено более 20 докторов и более 60 кандидатов наук.

The street named after D.F. Snegin

By | The streets of southern capital

The street named after D.F. SneginIn 2003, according to the decision of the local maslikhat, one of the streets of Almaty was named in honor of the people’s writer Dmitriy Snegin. A small low-speed residential Snegin Street is located to the north from the avenue named after Al-Farabi, between Dostyk Avenue and Furmanov Street, and it has a length of 1 km.

Snegin Dmitriy Fyodorovich (real surname — Potseluiev; November 7, 1911 — March 31,2001) — a Soviet writer, screenwriter, People’s Writer of the Kazakh SSR (1984).

Biography is presented in the Russian language

Есть люди, которые всю жизнь остаются верны месту своего рождения. Остаются верны и своим призванием, и своим творчеством, и своей реальной жизнью. Из их числа народный писатель Казахстана, лауреат Президентской премии мира и согласия, участник Великой Отечественной войны, народный депутат, общественный деятель, награжденный орденами Красной Звезды, Боевого Красного Знамени, Трудового Красного Знамени, «Знак Почета», «Дружбы народов».

Дмитрий Федорович родился 7 ноября 1912 года в городе Верном, верность которому он сохранил на всю жизнь, став летописцем революционной героики Семиречья в романе-трилогии «В городе Верном». Еще подростком он помогал своему отцу, занимавшемуся кузнечным, паяльным и кровельным делом. Федор Давыдович, мастер на все руки, учил сына не только рабочему мастерству. От него Дмитрий воспринял вместе с недюжинной физической силой и гордой статью, искреннюю доброжелательность и милосердие. Отец учил его уметь различать хороших и плохих людей, не быть равнодушным к чужому горю, быть готовым защитить обиженного и униженного.

Родительский дом в Верном стоял на улице Городской. А рядом был казахский аул. Шотр-ага (так звали аульчане отца Снегина) прекрасно знал казахский язык и быт казахов, всегда помогал им, а они ему.

Дмитрий Федорович Снегин явился на свет Божий не с пером в руках. Много лет спустя его признание будет таким: «Родился я в дивной стране предгорий и гор Жетысу, где, по уверению акына (акыну нельзя не верить), тучи дремлют на весу, а благодатные долины омываются низвергнутыми с вершинных ледников прозрачными Семью Водами. Отсюда русское название – Семиречье. Думаю, без допущения грубой ошибки это определение (название) может быть истолковано не только как Семь рек, а и как Семь речений…».

Настоящая, исконно родовая фамилия Дмитрия Федоровича – Поцелуев. Но в 1933 году известный в то время прозаик и большой друг будущего писателя Виктор Черкасов сумел убедить его, что фамилия Снегин будет намного благозвучней. «Взгляни-ка, Митя, на прекрасные белоснежные вершины наших Синих Гор. Взглянул? То-то. А вот теперь вслушайся, пожалуйста. Снегин! Снегин! А? Звучит?» Так Митя Поцелуев стал Дмитрием Снегиным.

Неизбывная любовь к Слову вывела юного Митю Поцелуева, в ту пору студента факультета плодоводства Алма-Атинского сельскохозяйственного института, на заветные и рисковые тропы Поэзии. В студенческие годы он активно писал и публиковал стихи. В 1935 году Дмитрий Снегин, окончив институт с дипломом агронома-плодовода, получает направление на работу в Союз писателей Казахстана консультантом русской секции.

Первые стихи Снегина были напечатаны в 1929 году, через пять лет вышла книга стихов «Ветер с Востока», затем издаются сборники стихов «Семиречье», «Мой город», «Годы», «Верность». Уже простое перечисление этих названий раскрывает основные темы его лирики. Снегин был истинным сыном Семиречья — плодородного края рек, горных вершин, полей и необъятных степей. Он был его патриотом. Неподдельная любовь к родной земле, к красоте ее природы и людей звучит в поэме «Мой город». Ему знакомы теплая тень яблонь, неповторимый аромат алматинского апорта и опаленной солнцем листвы, чистый горный воздух.

Тогдашние мэтры литературы сразу увидели в Снегине не просто основательные задатки стихотворца, но и умелого и точного переводчика, одаренного поэта, именно – казахстанского. Первым, кто заприметил у него эти замечательные свойства и нашел им устойчивую «точку приложения» был Ильяс Джансугуров. Встретившись с молодым поэтом, Джансугуров сказал ему, что «в жизни людей все держится и движется делом. Дела, к счастью, бывают добрыми и, к несчастью, злыми. Поэзия – дело доброе…».

Война, грянувшая 22 июня 1941 года и полыхавшая 1418 дней, не стала для Дмитрия Снегина неожиданной. Еще в 1933 году он писал в стихотворении «Ночью»: «Зазвенят свинцовые метели, ударяя в Запад и Восток…». Он ощущал приближение грозного дыхания большой войны. В его поэзии усиливаются военные мотивы. В 1941 году Снегин начал свой боевой путь. Среди первых добровольцев он встал в строй для защиты Родины. Офицер легендарной Панфиловской дивизии. Командир гвардейского артиллерийского полка. Фронтовой побратим национального героя казахского народа Бауржана Момышулы. Один из самых толковых командиров на знаменитом Втором Прибалтийском фронте. Героический спаситель пушкинских мест от вражеских захватчиков – сел Михайловского, Тригорского, Святогорского монастыря.

После тяжелого ранения в 1944 году Снегин вернулся с фронта в Алма-Ату и был направлен на работу в Союз писателей Казахстана ответственным секретарем. Одновременно он редактировал литературный журнал «Казахстан», позднее работал заместителем редактора журнала политической сатиры «Шмель», главным редактором журнала «Простор», секретарем Правления Союза писателей Казахстана. Дм. Снегин, обладающий организаторским талантом и настоящим литературным чутьем, много сделал для развития русской поэзии и прозы в Казахстане.

Главным делом жизни Дмитрия Снегина стала историко-революционная проза, а главными произведениями — исторические романы. Трилогия «В городе Верном», работа над которой заняла более десяти лет настойчивого труда, воссоздает историю героической борьбы в Семиречье, охватывающей период между первой русской революцией и окончанием гражданской войны. Дилогия «Утро и два шага в полдень», посвященная известному казахскому государственному деятелю Уразу Джандосову, раскрывает сложные процессы формирования новой казахской интеллигенции.

31 марта 2001 года Дмитрия Федоровича Снегина не стало. Но благородный свет его творчества остается трепетно ясным и вечным.

Сам писатель, как нельзя лучше, сказал о своем творчестве: «Честно признаюсь, только перешагнув порог своего пятидесятилетия, я научился видеть и чувствовать – что мне по плечу, а что – как вершина, которую штурмовать рискованно. Но сознание своих возможностей и сами творческие возможности не остаются неизменными. Что казалось невозможным вчера, сегодня властно повелевает взяться за перо и писать… писать! Это то и радостно в профессии писателя… Впечатления детства … уроки, которые преподносит нам действительность в юности… опыт зрелой поры, — все это для писателя непрерывный процесс познания жизни. Это неиссякаемый источник его труда и вдохновения».

http://www.tarih.spring.kz/ru/history/postwar/figures/page3320/

The Street, Named After Shokan Ualikhanov

By | The streets of southern capital

The Street, Named After Shokan Ualikhanov The street, named after the Kazakh scholar, Shokan Ualikhanov,with the length of about 3.5 km, is in the Northwestern part of the city between Pushkin Street and Kunaev Street and runs from Rayimbek Avenue to Satpayev Street.

Shokan Chingisovich Ualikhanov (1835-1865), the great Kazakh orientalist, historian, ethnographer, geographer, folklorist, translator, journalist, and traveler was born in 1835 in the fortress Kushmurune near Kostanay.

The boy’s childhood passed in a family estate of his grandmother, Ayganym, in Syrymbet. His father was a Chingis, a Senior Sultan; his grandfather was Uali Khan; his great-grandfather was Abylai Khan.
At the age of twelve Ciocan entered the Siberian Cadet Corps in Omsk, which was the best educational institution in Siberia at the time. At the Cadet Corps, he studied with enthusiasmand in two or three years he caught up and surpassed their peers in knowledge.

In 1852, Shokan met the Orientalist, I.N.Berezin, and at his request, he wrote the article ‘Khan’s labels of Tokhtamysh.’ It was his first scientific paper. When Shokan was about 14-15, the teachers said that he would be a scientist.

In 1853, Shokan graduated from the Cadet Corps, and with the rank of cornet,he enlisted as an adjutant of a governor-general of the Steppe, G.H. Gasfort. The young,precocious and educated Kazakh was noticed by the Russian intellectuals, writers and poets A. Maykov, F.M. Dostoevsky, V. Kurochkin, a scientist-orientalist, K.K.Gutkovskiyand the others,living in Omskby a twist of fate.

Shokan Ualikhanov took part in the fate of the exiled writer-Petrashevets, the future classic of the Russian literature, F.M. Dostoevsky, and helped him with an early release from exile. At the service of the governor-general, he studied history, ethnography, literature, and culture of the peoples of Central Asia, traveled to Central Kazakhstan, Zhetysu, Tarbagatai, collected the materials and wrote thearticles on the history of the steppe, about the Kazakhs’customs, traditions, and religion.

In 1856-1857, Sh. Ualikhanov made the research and ethnographic expedition to Zailiysky Kyrgyz and to theauls of the Elder Zhuz in Kul’dzha, where he acquainted with the history of Dzungaria. During the trips, he wrote the famous ‘Sketches Dzungaria,’‘Notes on the Kirghiz,’‘About the genres of the Kazakh folk poetry,’‘The diary of a trip to Issyk-Kul’, ‘Tales and Legends of the big Kirgiz-Kaisak hordes’ and the other works, which were the basis of a fundamentally new look at the Kazakhs, their culture and literature. These essays and articleswere highly appreciated by the Russian scientists.
Another result of these trips was the fact that Shokan acquainted with some of the great chapters of the Kyrgyz epic ‘Manas’, wrote them down, analyzed, translated into the Russian, showed that ‘Manas’ is an outstanding work of the Eastern oral traditions of the Kyrgyz folklore. Shokan said, that‘Manas’ was‘The steppe ‘Iliad’and the continuation of ‘Manas,’- the poem ‘Semetei,’he named‘The Eastern ‘Odyssey. ’Therefore, some chapters of ‘Manas’ were published in the Russian for the first time in the world.

The famous traveler, P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy, met Shokan in Zhetysu –Semirechye, and consulted with him about the destinations of this land. On his recommendation in 1857, Shokan became a full member of the Russian Geographical Society

In 1858-1859, Ciocan, for his short life,made the most important trip to Kashgar. Under the name of the merchant Alymbay, shaved his head and changed his appearance, Ciocan and his companions got into Kashgar, where he lived for five months. He managed to unravel the mystery of the death ofan English traveler, Adolf Schlagintweit, whohad come to Kashgar from India a few months before him,and who was killedby the local feudal lord,Yakub Beg. The scientist took from Kashgar many interesting statistics and historical data, published in ‘Notes of the Russian Geographical Society’ in two articles: ‘Sketches Dzungaria’ and ‘Description of Kashgar or Altyshaar.’Altyshaar, more correct Altyshahar,that is‘six cities,’ in those days, the East Turkestan, a previously unknown state of the European geographical science,was so called.

Returning from Kashgar to Omsk, Ualikhanov was greeted as a hero, who explored unknown lands, was encouraged, and directed to St. Petersburg, where he had a meeting with the tsar, at which the emperor marked his special merits before Fatherland. Unfortunately, in St. Petersburg, Shokan stayed only a few months and because of illness,he went back to his homeland.

Back in the steppe, Shokan decided to leave the service, and decided to run in elections as a volost in order to try to better his people lot. However,the local authorities manipulated the election results, and being hurt with injustice, he went south to his cousin Sultan Tezek, where he died of tuberculosis soon.

In 1904, the Russian Geographical Society published a book by Shokan Ualikhanov, and in its preface, the Academician, N. I. Veselovsky, wrote the following: ‘As a brilliant meteor,a descendant of the Kazakh Khans flashed over the field of Orientalism and at the same time Shokan Chingisovich Ualikhanov was an officer of the Russian army. The Russian Orientalists recognized unanimously that he was aphenomenon, and they expected the great and important revelations about the fate of the Turkic peoples from him, but Shocan’s premature death deprived us of the hope …’

For his short life, Shokan Ualikhanov managed to write the significant works. His literary and scientific work consists of five volumes.

The street named after Zhumakhan Kuderin

By | The streets of southern capital

The street named after Zhumakhan Kuderin Many of us have heard about the street named after Zhumakhan Kuderin existing in the Southern Capital, but not everyone knows its exact location, as it is a continuation of Rozybakiev street from Raiymbek Avenue to Ryskulov Avenue and it has a length of only 1.5 km.

Kuderin Zhumakhan Mausumbayevich (1891(or 1893)-1938) is an educator, polymath, geographer, anthropologist and biologist.

Zhumakhan was born in Sredneayaguzskaya volost of Semirechye, in the family of ‘bai’ (rich landowner).The clan of Kuderin was an ancient and respected one in Semirechye (Seven Rivers). Cooderi (kүderі) is the name of area by the name of his grandfather Zhumakhan which means in Kazakh ‘suede, soft leather’.

The men of this clan had been literate for several generations, had been elected ‘biys’, i.e. judges of the family union. Zhumakhan did not have to follow in the footsteps of his older relatives. Owing to jute, the family went bankrupt, and a boy of ten turned to the labourers. Later,he studied at a Muslim school in Sergiopol town, at a private school ‘Mamania’ built in the likeness of Ufamadrasah ‘Galia’ located in Koksu agricultural school.
He had been a member of the Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks since 1918 and had worked in various land agencies.He left the party in protest against the unjustified repressions exercised by ‘the Cheka’ to the participants of so-called ‘Cherkasy Defence’, that is the residents of 13 resettlement villages of Semirechye who resisted Kolchak’s troops in 1920.

He studied at the Faculty of Agriculture at SAGU in 1924-30s and at the same time taught at the courses, literacy classes, participated in three research expeditions aimed at studying natural resources and zoning of Turkestan. Kuderin worked in the Commission ‘On the return of Kazakhs from China’, and 6,000 families returned to their homeland through his kind offices. He took part in an expedition around Turkestan region. He served as Commissioner of the land of KazASSR in 1928. J. Kuderin wrote 44 books within his 44 years. He is the author of the ‘ABC’ textbook in the Kazakh language (1919), a series of books on natural sciences (incl. Vol. of ‘Botany’ in the Kazakh language rendered in Arabic script), published ethnographic works about Kazakhs (‘Kytaydagy boskyndar omіrі’, Kazaktardyn ata-tegi turaly Materialdary‘) and Biological Research (‘Kendіr’, ‘Koy men onyn zhuni’, ‘Kant kyzylshasy’, ‘Orta Aziadagy zhylandar turi’).

Kuderin accomplished many deeds as a biologist. He bred a kind of ambisexual hemp in 1930. Then it was cultivated for fiber and oil. But he did not benefit from the work results, as he was arrested, and manuscripts were confiscated. He could publish the results only in parts.

Zhumakhan Kuderin was arrested on the charge of nationalism on September 1, 1930, at the agricultural base near Tashkent city, where he conducted experiments after graduation from the Central Asian State University. Six months before this his father was arrested and all the men of their clanas well (and later on his brothers escaped and went to Xinjiang). Kuderin was convoyed to the investigation to Alma-Ata, where he was imprisoned in one-man cell and was accused of ‘bourgeois nationalism’ along with other educated Kazakh scientists and philosophers of the first generation. The investigation was being conducted for two years. The suspects were in one-man cell all the time.

The guilt in the actions of ‘bourgeois nationalists’was not proven and the case was forwarded to Moscow, where they found no hard evidences as well. It was proposed to disband all the people totheir home, but the Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU in Kazakhstan stated that all persons on remand might compromise the OGPU by describing this arbitrary actions. He suggested banishing all the people into exile in Russia, in order to conceal this fact. Kuderin was sentenced to 5 years in April 1932. Central Black Earth region was selected as an administrative exile place. Zhumakhan started to discharge the exile in Lgov, but later, due to his illness, was transferred under the supervision of doctors to Voronezh city, and the exile time was reduced by 1 year. Zhumakhan Kuderin worked as an agronomist within his staying in exile.

He and his family returned to Alma-Ata city, where he started as a senior scientific researcher of the Kazakh Research Institute of livestock breeding in 1935. However, he was dismissed as the one having a criminal record in 1936. Kuderin met and made friends with the Russian poet, novelist, literary critic and journalist Yuri Dombrowski within this period, and until his new arrest, had been actively working on the Russian-Kazakh-Latin dictionary.

Secondly, Kuderin was arrested on May 21, 1937 and again was imprisoned. He was arrested as ‘the head of the anti-Soviet nationalist, terrorist-insurgent, sabotage and spy organization’.His personal case was filed. The investigation was carried out by the criminal investigator of UGB NKVD of Alma-Ata region – VY Yakupov, ‘The Angel of Death’, as he was called by his prisoners. The point was, that all the cases that he was engaged in, were given a death sentence. Zhumakhan Kuderin was convicted on March 7, 1938, was sentenced to capital punishment and shot dead on the same day.

Zhumakhan Kuderin was post humously rehabilitated for both arrests in1958 and in 1990.

The street named after Zhumakhan Kuderin Kuderin’s daughter, Larissa Zhumakhanovna Kuderina (born in 1938) opened a museum ‘Children to their Parents’dedicated to the repressed scientists in Moscow in Podsosensky alley in the basement of an old apartment building. A small display includes photographs, documents, books and pictures.

Adapted from the website http://semeylib.kz/?page_id=2880&lang=ru.

Street named after Zein Shashkin

By | The streets of southern capital

Street named after Zein Shashkin There is a small street in Almaty about 1 km long, located to the east of the Esentai river, begins from the Timiryazev street (link to an article about Timiryazev street) and crosses just 2 streets – Popov and Al-Farabi. It is named after the Kazakh Soviet writer, playwright, doctor, scientist – Zein Shashkin.

Zein Shashkin (1912 – 1966 yrs.) – A man with a difficult life like many of his contemporaries. During his lifetime he was called the “Kazakh Chekhov”: he had medical education and as a Practicing Physician he graduated from the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature, and continued “medical” line in the literature after Chekhov, Veresaev, Bulgakov, Conan Doyle.
He was secretary of the Komsomol City Committee of Karaganda, a teacher at the teachers colleges in Semipalatinsk and Alma-Ata.

His first works were in the 30s, a literary work “Features the poetry of Abai” (1934) was the most notable, and a few years in collaboration with E. Ismailov Z. Shashkin made “The educational book on theory of literature” for colleges. Then, a streak of bad luck started in the life of a young writer– he was run over with an asphalt compactor of repressions. Harsh destiny of the member of intellectuals branded as “an enemy of the people” coincides with just the early years. Then he ruined his health and, although he survived into rehabilitation and subsequently did much, but passed away at the peak of his career – at the age of 54.

Since 1956, when he published “The morning” novel sweeping changes have taken place in his life. One after the other he published novels and short stories collections: “Polar Star”, “Breath of Life”, “Akbota”. Somewhat later Zein Shashkin turned to larger forms: novels “Tokash Bokin”, “Temirtau”, “Doctor Darkhanov”, “Trust” all reflected his whole outlook, his “doctorate” philosophy, attitude to life. In these works he reveals complex social processes – class struggle, constructive labor of the people, a place of Kazakh women of a new generation within community, a duty of health professionals and intellectuals in general to society, labor feat of virgin lands conquerors.

Zein Shashkin paid tribute to the theater arts. His plays “So begins the era” and “Heart of the Poet” successfully went on the scenes of national and regional theaters. In his works the feature film “Restless morning” was filmed. The works of Zein Shashkin translated into the languages of the peoples of the USSR.

Venerable writer paid much attention to the youth, working in the Writers’ Union of Kazakhstan, which was recalled with great warmth by Myrzatay Zholdasbekov.

Many changes have taken place in the life of the republic, in the first place – the ideology, moral values changed, but the main in the man is humanism, kindness, active position, that is, that was claimed by the doctor-writer, still remains with us.

The Street Named after Timiryazev

By | The streets of southern capital

The Street Named after Timiryazev Timiryazev street was formed in 60-70s in Almaty, is situated in Bostandikskyi District, runs from East to West, from Zheltoksan street to Zhandosov street, crosses Baytursynov street, Auezov, Zharokov, Gagarin Avenue, Radostovsta (old name – Maurice Thorez) and Rozybakiyev street.

Kliment Arkadiyevich Timiryazev(1843 – 1920)

The street is named in honor of the Russian Natural scientist, the founder of the Soviet school of Phytophysiology, the modern Photosynthesis theory of Timiryazev Kliment. The main botanical garden of Institute of Botany of the Kazakhstan Academy of Science, which gives it a unique appearance situated in it.

Kliment Timiryazev was born in June 3, 1843 in St. Petersburg in a noble family. He gained the initial education at home. In 1866 he graduated with distinction the Natural faculty of St. Petersburg University.

The essential role in the world-view formation of Timiryazev played philosophical
views of A.Herzen, N. Chernyshevskyi, writings of D.Mendeleev, I.Sechenov and especially of Ch. Darwin. Being still a student Kliment has published several articles on the social and political issues and on Darwinism:‘Garibaldi on Caprere’, ‘Starvation on Lancashire’, ‘Darwin’s Book, Its Critics and Commentators’.

In 1868 Timiryazev was sent abroad to prepare for the career as a professor where he worked in the laboratories of leading physicists, chemists, physiologists, botanists. The highest value for Kliment was his work with Bussengo, whom he considered to be his teacher.

Having returned to Russia, Kliment defended Master’s thesis and was appointed as the professor of the Petrovsk Agricultural Academy where he gave lectures on all fields of Botany. In the same period Kliment was studying at Moscow University on the Anatomy and Phytophysiology faculty in female ‘collective courses’. Besides, at the University he was the Chairman of the Botanical Society of Naturalists.

From the first steps of his scientific career of young scientist he has set for himself the two goals: ‘To work for science and write for pupil’, which performed with great success. The first popular book of Timiryazev with reproduction of Darwinism ‘Charles Darwin and his teaching’ written in his student years still is not out dated and his book ‘Life of Plants’(1878) republished more than 20 times and arouse a great interest in Russia and abroad.

Timiryazev became one of the founders of the Russian Phytophysiology School, examined the phytosythesis process for which he has developed the special methods and equipment. In Phytophysiology together with Agricultural Chemistry the scientist saw the basis of sustainable agriculture. He was the first who introduced in Russia the culture experiments with plants in artificial soil. The first greenhouse for this purpose has been arranged by him in Petrovsk Academy in the early 1870s.

Timiryazev was one of the first major Russian scientists who welcomed the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917. Collection of his articles ‘Science and Democracy’ was published in 1920.The last 10 years of his life he couldn’t teach due his illness but continued his literary and journalistic activities, participated in the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialistic Republic and Socialist Academy of Social Sciences and was elected to the Moscow city Counsil.

Timiryazev was a member of the Royal Society of London, Honorary Doctor of Glasgow University, Cambridge and Geneva, correspondent member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, as well as honorary member of many foreign and national universities and scientific societies. He is the author of numerous articles, books, biographical sketches.

The great scientist Kliment Arkadiyevich Timiryazev died on April 28, 1920 in Moscow. He was buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery.

Street Named After Bassenov

By | The streets of southern capital

Street Named After Bassenov One of Almaty streets was named after Toleu Kulchamanovich Bassenov. The street is situated to the south of Timiryazev street and to the west of Zharokov street.

Bassenov Toleu Kulchamanovich (1909-1976)

The first Kazakh professional architect, honored builder of the Kazakh SSR, associate member of the Architecture Academy of USSR, one of the first scientist-pedagogues in the field of architecture, the founder of the Kazakh Architectural School, the first chairman of the Association of Architects of Kazakhstan. Bassenov was the initiator of the first Architectural Faculty foundation in the republic.

He was born in Shalkar district of Aktobe region. Bassenov graduated the Leningrad Institute of Civil Engineers and started his labor activity in the Construction Department of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Kazakh SSR.

From 1933 to 1937 Bassenov worked in Zhambyl, Almaty and Kyrgyzstan, from 1937 to1941 – the chief architect of Almaty city, from 1944 to 1954 – the head of the Department of Architecture of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from 1958 to 1976 – the deputy chairman of the State Construction Committee. He was one of the leaders of the Council of Architects of Kazakhstan.

Toleu Kulchamanovich – one of the architects who worked out the first general plan of Alma-Ata city development, the capital of Kazakhstan. He was the author, chief of project engineering and consultant of 25 architectural complexes and most of large buildings and constructions built in Kazakhstan, Moscow and other cities of the Soviet Union. The most large are the center of Almaty city and Lenin avenue (Dostyk avenue at the present time), the building of pavilion of Kazakh SSR in the VDNKh (Exhibition of Economic Achievements) of SSR in Moscow, community center in Aktobe, the first complex of Almaty airport, building of the Kazakh Opera and Ballet Theatre, architectural plan of Amangeldy Imanov monument, “Alatau” cinema and other residential buildings.

Bassenov projected Semipalatinsk meat-packing plant, Petropavlovsk chromium plant, objects of Turksib, Kant-Rybachye railway stations in Kyrgyz Republic. He was the leader of projects of Karaganda Culture Center and Sports Palace. He investigated architectural memorials and traditional historical buildings of Emba, Mangystau and Ustyurt regions. Bassenov is the author of the great number of monographs and scientific works, like “Ornament of Kazakhstan in Architecture”, “Architecture and Urban Development”.
Bassenov took active participation in preservation and restoration of architectural memorials of Kazakhstan. By his order the measurement of Aisha-Bibi mausoleum near Taraz city and the project of preservation of Ahmet Yasavi mausoleum in Turkestan were carried out.

One more outstanding contribution, made by T. Bassenov, became the creation of Different Specialties Department in the Kazakh Polytechnic Institute jointly with the group of architects in 1961. In the late of sixties on the base of this institute the Architectural Faculty was founded, which was reformed to the Architectural and Constructional Institute and later to the Academy. The best students of the State Academy of Architecture and Construction are awarded with diplomas and scholarships named for T. Bassenov since 1997.

Toleu Kulchamanovich always raised the problem of personnel education in the republic and he himself made a lot. His students are the famous specialists in the republic; among them are distinguished architects of Kazakhstan, they are Rustem Saidalin, Adambek Kapanov and others. Today many of them take part in the creation of new image of Astana capital.

In honor of T. Bassenov’s anniversary, the first architect of Kazakhstan, a 50 tenge coin was issued. Almat Bassenov, Toleu Bassenov’s grandson, is the author and designer of the commemorative coin. Now documentary is filming in the native land of the architect. The film makers are the broadcasters Imanbai Zhubayev and Bolat Nussipbekov, the work will be performed in Aktobe city and in Shalkar, Mugaldzhar and Alga regions.

Toleu Bassenov was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and USSR medals “Labour Distinction” and “Valorous Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945”.

The source of this article is the site: http://biografia.kz/famous/4056

Street Named after S. Luganskiу

By | The streets of southern capital

Street Named after S. Luganskiу One of Almaty streets, situated on the westward from Dostyk avenue, was named after Sergey Danilovich Luganskiy

Sergey Danilovich Luganskiy (1918—1977)

The squadron commander of the 270th fighter air regiment (the 203rd fighter aviation division, the 1st assault aviation corps, the 5th air army, Steppe Front), doubly the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Sergey Luganskiy was born on the 1st of October, 1918 in a rural family in Verniy city.

In1936 he finished junior high school and worked as a gardener. In the same year Sergey was called to the Red Army and was directed by the komsomol ticket to the Orenburg Military Academy of Aviators, after the completion of which in 1938 he did military service in the 14th aviation brigade in Pskov.

In 1939-1940 Sub-lieutenant Luganskiy participated in the Soviet –Finland War, during which he carried out 59 tactical air missions and crashed 1 aircraft of the enemy, and was awarded by the Order of the Red Star.

In the beginning of the World War II Sergey Luganskiy navigated the LaGG-3 (The Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3) on the deck-level attack of the enemy army. He crashed 4 aircrafts near Bataisk and Rostov-on-Don and was awarded by the Order of the Red Banner, then he crashed 4 aircrafts near Belgorod and received one more order of the Red Banner.

On the 4th of September, 1942 Commander Luganskiy drove the LaGG-3 to the frontal attack against the superior strength of the enemy, protecting the temporary bridge over the Volga for the 13th guards rifle division. He started the approach with the leader of Me-109 group. The German tried to avoid the fight, but Luganskiy hit a stabilizer of the “Messerschmitt” by a rifle and the enemy aircraft went out of the control and started to fall to the earth. Later Luganskiy changed his aircraft to the Yak-1B in the Kursk Salient and near Kharkov.

Some sources contained the information about the fact that in one of the battles Luganskiy crashed the German flying ace, Otto Fönnekold, who fell prisoner. This fact is wrong, because Fönnekold fell in the battle with the American fighter aircrafts in 1944.

For 221 tactical air missions, 18 personally and 1 in the group of crashed aircrafts of the enemy, Commander Luganskiy was given the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union and was awarded by the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No 1493) on September 2, 1943.

In one of the battles Luganskiy defeated the attack of the enemy fighter aircrafts on the Ilyushin Il-2 of the famous strafer, Talgat Begeldinov.

On the 27th of September, 1943 during the forced crossing of the Dnepr near Mishurin Rog village (Kirovohrad oblast) Sergey Luganskiy, by troops of the Steppe Front at the head of squadron, protected the Soviet attack aircrafts. His squadron met Ju-88 and He-111 groups under cover of Me-109 group on the temporary bridge and moved into the action. The attack of “Junkers” was defeated, but the “Heinkels” penetrated to the bridge. Luganskiy assaulted the enemy flagman and broke down the diving-rudder by the propeller and the enemy went out of control and crashed down on the earth. Luganskiy managed to land his defective aircraft on his airfield successfully.

In June of 1944 Luganskiy was appointed the Commanding Air Officer. On the 1st of July, 1944 Major Luganskiy was awarded by the second Gold Star medal (No 1981). In Rumania, over the Oder, he flied on the aircraft presented by the Komsomols of Alma-Ata. Luganskiy finished his battle way in Berlin. By the end of the War he fulfilled 390 tactical air missions, personally he crashed 37 aircrafts and 6 enemy aircrafts were crashed by him in the group.

In 1949 Sergey Luganskiy graduated the Military Aviation Academy. Then he served on command duties in the Air Defence Teams. In 1964 Luganskiy retired in the position of Major General. He wrote the books: “On the Steep Turns” and “The Sky Stays Clear”.

Sergey Luganskiy died on the 16th of January, 1977 and was buried in Alma-Ata.

Awards
• Two “Gold Star” medals of the Hero of the Soviet Union
• Two orders of Lenin
• Two orders of the Red Banner
• Order of Alexander Nevsky
• Two orders of the Red Star
• Medals, including the “Medal for Battle Merit”

Mirzo Ulugbek Street

By | The streets of southern capital

Mirzo Ulugbek Street One of the streets of Almaty is named after Mirzo Ulugbek, which is located to the west of Altynsarin Street and to the north of Abay Avenue (previously named as Domostroitelnaya Street).

Mirzo Ulugbek (1394-1449)

Mirzo Muhammad Ibn Shahrukh Ibn Timur Ulugbek Guragan – the grandson of the great conqueror Tamerlane – was a ruler of Timurids’ Turkic state, an outstanding astronomer and astrologer. He was born on the 22nd of March, 1394 in Sultaniya city during five-year campaign of his grandfather Timur (Tamerlane).

Interesting facts about great astronomer’s life

According to legend, in childhood Ulugbek visited the ruins of famous Nasir al-Din al-Tusi observatory in Maraga. It impressed the curious boy so much, and triggered his ardour for astronomy.

In 1417-1420s Ulugbek built madrasah in the capital of his state – Samarkand, which initiated the building of Registan architectural complex. The other two madrasahs were built by him in Gijduvon and Bukhara. The portal of the latter still keeps the inscription (Hadis of prophet Mohammed): “Desire for knowledge is a must for each Muslim – man and woman”. (Generally, all numerous inscriptions on madrasah call people upon learning sciences).

Under Ulugbek Samarkand became one of the world’s science centers in the Middle Ages. There in the first half of the 15th century Ulugbek was one of the initiators of scientific school, which united prominent astronauts and mathematicians of Islamic world – Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi, Qazi Zada al-Rumi, Ali Qushchi.

Observatory built by Ulugbek was the place where Zij-i Sultani was made – the star catalogue which described 1018 stars, as well as the length of stellar sky: 365 days, 6 hours, 10 minutes and 8 seconds (the error was only +58 seconds in comparison with modern measurements!). Just imagine that this discovery was made in the times when there had been no telescope invented!

“New Guragan astronomic tables” have been rightly regarded as Ulugbek’s chief treatise. The author finished this work in 1444 after 30 years of painstaking job and astronomic observations. Astronomic manual was translated to Latin language and along with Claudius Ptolemy’s “Almagest” and astronomic tables of Castilian king Alfonso the 15th, was the handbook of astronomic science in all European observatories. The accuracy of these tables excelled all works that had been created before in the Orient and in Europe.

If Ulugbek’s personality hadn’t combined essential components of success, creation of Samarkand observatory wouldn’t have been possible. They represented the fact that he was a talented scientist, who was sensible in understanding scientific aim and ways of its realization, and a ruler of powerful state having enough money on his disposal.

Ulugbek was a great patron of science and arts. Besides astronomy and geography he was keen on poetry and history. He was the author of historical work “The history of four uluses”.

Since 1427 till 1447 Ulugbek was not conducting any significant military operations – quite the contrary, in 1428 he implemented important monetary reform, which became beneficial for the state’s economy.

After the defeat in Khorasan campaign in 1447 the conflict between Ulugbek and his elder brother arose, which later transformed into warfare. Ulugbek was defeated in that war. Soon after this Ulugbek was treacherously murdered.

His famous pupil, Samarkand astronomer Ali Qushchi escaped to Istanbul after Ulugbek’s death, where he gained the position of professor in madrasah Hagia Sophia.

Ulugbek’s observatory was gradually going to ruins and at the end of 17th century was pulled down until in 1908-1914 archeologist V.L.Vyatkin found location of observatory’s residuals and performed their excavations.

German astronomer and complier of the Moon’s maps Johann Heinrich von Mädler in 1830 named lunar crater after Ulugbek, which was plotted on his lunar map.

The most detailed analysis of Ulugbek’s star catalogue, based on examination of 8 manuscripts kept in the libraries of Great Britain, was published in the USA in 1917 by E.B. Noble called «Ulugh Beg’s Catalogue of Stars. Revised from all Persian Manuscripts Existing in Great Britain».

Some Ulugbek’s personal belongings are extant now, however they are scattered over different museums and private collections all over the world. His private chest is now stored in Istanbul museum of Topkapy. Ulugbek’s jade cup is presented in the collection of the British Museum. Ruby stone that once was purfling Ulugbek’s crown is stored within the private collection of Arab sheikh as-Sabakh.

The source of this article is the site:
http://hamrohonim.net/mirzo-ulugbek

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